Assessment
Assessments are used to figure out how well a student is learning the information. there are two types of assessments, formative and summative. Formative assessments are used during the education process to see if the student is learning what needs to be learned. then based on the outcome of the assessment the student and teacher can figure out what needs to be changed to make the learning more effective. Summative assessments are at the end of a learning program and sum up what the student has learned. this is like a final exam for a class.
It is also important to be aware of how the assessments are interpreted. according to the article there are three ways to do this. the first is Criterion are evaluations where students are required to know specific information that experts say all people in the industry should know. these are like the written exams that we take at the end of ground school. the next are Norm evaluations where there are no specific answers and and students are assessed on well a student knows the material compared to the rest of the class. Self Referenced interpretation is the third type. This is where the learner assesses them self, and decides if what they learned during the class was enough. It seems to me that in aviation criterion is the most used assessment because it is the most measurable, and students must have a set level of knowledge, not just compared to their class or more than they expected.
Self directed learning is someone who can form their own ideas and solve problems on their own, and want feedback on how well they have don, but also assess themselves. i think it is important for all students to try to be like this. rather than expecting instructors to download knowledge to their brains, they take responsibility for their education and gain the deepest understanding they can get through analyzing information on their own.
Thursday, January 20, 2011
Thursday, January 13, 2011
CFI Blog #2 Selecting Methods
Selecting Methods
There are four categories of instruction. Instructor centered - usually lecture or demonstration where the instructor does most of the educating while the student listens. this is good to lat a foundation of knowledge. Interactive Methods - include discussions, group projects and peer teaching where the student takes a more active part in the learning than just listening. Individualized Learning - is where the student studies on their own or takes a self paced course. Experimental learning is when the student learns through role playing, drills, games, or experiments. learning in this area is very uncontrolled because the outcomes can be different depending on what they experiment with or who they play a game with.
Roll playing is part of the Experimental Learning method. A good place where role playing could be used is when trying to teach a student about Crew Resource Management. The student could be the captain and the instructor could be the co pilot, together they could divide the tasks to show how a real flight crew works together. A discussion group is part of the Interactive method, a good place to do this is when you are instructing two or more students at a time. this allows the students to combine their knowledge to come up with the correct answer. I enjoyed doing this when talking about aerodynamics and how different forces affect the airplane.
The context of what is being learned is always a major consideration when selecting the method of instruction. You can talk about lazy eights all day, but until you demonstrate it to the student, and allow them to practice the maneuver they will never learn to do it.
Characteristics of Adult Learners
Many adults who wish to continue their education do so with an end goal in mind. they know what they want and they work toward it. an adults goals should be discussed early in the class so the instructor can know what they want. Adults also develop ideas and beliefs that must be respected. adults are often more self disciplined and can direct their studies on their own. Adults often have experience from their lives that can help or hinder their education or bring a new perspective to the class. This would affect my teaching because I would have to be aware of these things and acknowledge that their mind is not quite the fresh slate that a younger student may be.
There are four categories of instruction. Instructor centered - usually lecture or demonstration where the instructor does most of the educating while the student listens. this is good to lat a foundation of knowledge. Interactive Methods - include discussions, group projects and peer teaching where the student takes a more active part in the learning than just listening. Individualized Learning - is where the student studies on their own or takes a self paced course. Experimental learning is when the student learns through role playing, drills, games, or experiments. learning in this area is very uncontrolled because the outcomes can be different depending on what they experiment with or who they play a game with.
Roll playing is part of the Experimental Learning method. A good place where role playing could be used is when trying to teach a student about Crew Resource Management. The student could be the captain and the instructor could be the co pilot, together they could divide the tasks to show how a real flight crew works together. A discussion group is part of the Interactive method, a good place to do this is when you are instructing two or more students at a time. this allows the students to combine their knowledge to come up with the correct answer. I enjoyed doing this when talking about aerodynamics and how different forces affect the airplane.
The context of what is being learned is always a major consideration when selecting the method of instruction. You can talk about lazy eights all day, but until you demonstrate it to the student, and allow them to practice the maneuver they will never learn to do it.
Characteristics of Adult Learners
Many adults who wish to continue their education do so with an end goal in mind. they know what they want and they work toward it. an adults goals should be discussed early in the class so the instructor can know what they want. Adults also develop ideas and beliefs that must be respected. adults are often more self disciplined and can direct their studies on their own. Adults often have experience from their lives that can help or hinder their education or bring a new perspective to the class. This would affect my teaching because I would have to be aware of these things and acknowledge that their mind is not quite the fresh slate that a younger student may be.
Thursday, January 6, 2011
CFI Blog #1 Epistemology
Constructivist vs Positivist
Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. it is understanding how people gain knowledge, how they use knowledge, and how they can prove they know something. the article i read describes two types of epistemology, constructivist and positivist. Constructivist is more focused on understanding a concept for yourself, rather than being told what something means and memorizing the definition. positivist seems more like it is focused on knowing a specific answer, memorizing and regurgitating it when asked, whether you understand the concept at its core or not. I think I tend to learn better as a constructivist. If I understand something completely then i can answer questions about it in better detail and if i forget it then i only need a refresher rather than to completely re-memorize it. there are somethings that i prefer to learn as a positivist, these are things like air speeds, where they are different for each aircraft because of the way it is designed.
Visual Auditory and Kinesthetic Learners
I prefer to learn in the kinesthetic modality. I feel like I remember more and get a better understanding if I can do something myself. doing math problems, i was never able to watch the teacher and learn. I had to do problems myself and figure them out like a puzzle.the two biggest things that I learned form this article were that it is more important to teach in the modality that best fits the subject not the student. I know that I usually learn better by doing things, but sometimes I prefer to watch or listen or read. The second is that "different representations are more or less effective for storing different types of information." the book uses the example of a picture of a car on the hill. you do not know if the car is going up or down the hill, but if you were told the car is driving up the hill you would have a better understanding of what is going on. i would kike to keep these tow points in mind when teaching so that I know I am teaching as effectivly as possible.
Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. it is understanding how people gain knowledge, how they use knowledge, and how they can prove they know something. the article i read describes two types of epistemology, constructivist and positivist. Constructivist is more focused on understanding a concept for yourself, rather than being told what something means and memorizing the definition. positivist seems more like it is focused on knowing a specific answer, memorizing and regurgitating it when asked, whether you understand the concept at its core or not. I think I tend to learn better as a constructivist. If I understand something completely then i can answer questions about it in better detail and if i forget it then i only need a refresher rather than to completely re-memorize it. there are somethings that i prefer to learn as a positivist, these are things like air speeds, where they are different for each aircraft because of the way it is designed.
Visual Auditory and Kinesthetic Learners
I prefer to learn in the kinesthetic modality. I feel like I remember more and get a better understanding if I can do something myself. doing math problems, i was never able to watch the teacher and learn. I had to do problems myself and figure them out like a puzzle.the two biggest things that I learned form this article were that it is more important to teach in the modality that best fits the subject not the student. I know that I usually learn better by doing things, but sometimes I prefer to watch or listen or read. The second is that "different representations are more or less effective for storing different types of information." the book uses the example of a picture of a car on the hill. you do not know if the car is going up or down the hill, but if you were told the car is driving up the hill you would have a better understanding of what is going on. i would kike to keep these tow points in mind when teaching so that I know I am teaching as effectivly as possible.
Thursday, October 7, 2010
Multi Engine Blog 6
I think that the two most important things that I learned about in Multi Engine Ground School were multi engine aerodynamics and control of the aircraft with an engine inoperative. i think the aerodynamics portion is important because it allows me to understand why the controls are different with an engine Inop. i also enjoy learning about aerodynamics. The physical science of aviation is one f my favorite parts about flying besides the actual flying. Learning about Single engine controls was important because it could someday save my life. Knowing what to do and having a fast reaction that is the correct reaction in an emergency is why pilots train. This class helped me broaden my knowledge of this.
I think Blogging was a good idea. I usually do not like writing, however this gave me a place to reflect on what I have learned in class. There were also a fair number of blogging assignments. It did not seem like I had to blog about everything and it was not repetitive.
I think one of the most beneficial parts of this class was the contest. This gave everyone in the class something to work for besides another grade. I did not expect to win the contest, but I think I studied a little bit extra just so that I might have a chance, and even if I do not get to fly the citation my grade till reflect my work. One thing I would change is how the exams are all at the end and one of the exams is over 1/4 of a chapter. I think this could be spread out a bit more so that each test covers two chapters, or at the very least one full chapter.
I think Blogging was a good idea. I usually do not like writing, however this gave me a place to reflect on what I have learned in class. There were also a fair number of blogging assignments. It did not seem like I had to blog about everything and it was not repetitive.
I think one of the most beneficial parts of this class was the contest. This gave everyone in the class something to work for besides another grade. I did not expect to win the contest, but I think I studied a little bit extra just so that I might have a chance, and even if I do not get to fly the citation my grade till reflect my work. One thing I would change is how the exams are all at the end and one of the exams is over 1/4 of a chapter. I think this could be spread out a bit more so that each test covers two chapters, or at the very least one full chapter.
Multi Engine Blog 5
Today I did an observation flight in N978WC. this was my first time flying in the Seminole. I was observing John Nadolski and Dave Atkinson. The purpose of this flight was to practice Vmc and to practice shutting down and restarting the engine. For the flight we flew to Tooele and started off with shutting down the engine. I thought it was a very strange experience to see the propeller not spinning, i have never seen that while in the air before. While the engine was shut down I thought the seemed fairly easy for Dave to control the aircraft with zero side slip, and it had better performance than I expected with only one engine. I think it will be very helpful when I am training to have seen this. I also liked seeing the propeller restart just from increasing the blade pitch. After that Dave did some Vmc practice. I was glad to be there for that because having my weight cut down the arm from the CG to the tail. when Dave reached Vmc it was because of full rudder deflection father than the stall horn. The pitch down for the recovery was also a lot of fun. After that we did Steep Turns. I did not understand how these would be so difficult until I saw one for real. the configuration of the aircraft seems like it would be very difficult to keep a reference point on the aircraft, and once you start to get off your altitude, it is hard to recover it. After that we did Landings, which I have already experienced in the simulator, but it was nice to see them in real life.
Wednesday, September 22, 2010
Multi Engine Blog 4
Reading the article about the Aspen crash my first thought was they are going to get to Aspen after night. they ended up crashing 34 minuets after sunset, 4 minutes after night. The instrument approach at Aspen closes at night. The pilots had 4 minutes before crashing where they should have said landing instrument is now illegal and called the approach off.
One of the main factors that lead to the crash was weather. If the flight had been VFR they likely would have been fine. Another factor was pressure to complete the flight. The pilots wanted to get their passengers to their destination for their meeting and to make the clients and boss happy rather than divert. I think this should not have been a factor, they were past night fall and three other aircraft had gone missed before they got to the airport. There was no reason for these pilots to expect to be able to land. Their alternate would have been perfectly acceptable and had pretty good conditions. No company would get mad at pilots for being safe and diverting especially considering using the instrument approach was illegal at night. It was also partly the passengers fault they were late because they were in no hurry to takeoff. It would not have been fair for them to be upset at diverting. I do not think the pilots job would have been at stake in any way.
The Biggest reason they crashed was poor decision making. There were three aircraft that went missed and they were doing the approach after night. This should have been two big clues that they could not land. I think the error chain began by starting the approach in the first place, they could tell they would not land until after night. It continued by not calling it off after three other aircraft went missed. They next continued after night was official and the approach illegal, and they descended below minimums. I think the right decision would have been to divert to the alternate before even trying to land at Aspen and give the passengers a little bit of extra time to drive to their destination.
One of the main factors that lead to the crash was weather. If the flight had been VFR they likely would have been fine. Another factor was pressure to complete the flight. The pilots wanted to get their passengers to their destination for their meeting and to make the clients and boss happy rather than divert. I think this should not have been a factor, they were past night fall and three other aircraft had gone missed before they got to the airport. There was no reason for these pilots to expect to be able to land. Their alternate would have been perfectly acceptable and had pretty good conditions. No company would get mad at pilots for being safe and diverting especially considering using the instrument approach was illegal at night. It was also partly the passengers fault they were late because they were in no hurry to takeoff. It would not have been fair for them to be upset at diverting. I do not think the pilots job would have been at stake in any way.
The Biggest reason they crashed was poor decision making. There were three aircraft that went missed and they were doing the approach after night. This should have been two big clues that they could not land. I think the error chain began by starting the approach in the first place, they could tell they would not land until after night. It continued by not calling it off after three other aircraft went missed. They next continued after night was official and the approach illegal, and they descended below minimums. I think the right decision would have been to divert to the alternate before even trying to land at Aspen and give the passengers a little bit of extra time to drive to their destination.
Wednesday, September 15, 2010
Multi Engine Blog 3
Flying Single Pilot IFR makes me nervous, especially right now because I have not been flying IFR very much. I think if I were more current I would be more willing to do it. I would prefer to go somewhere where I have flown often such as Tooele or Ogden just because I would feel safer and more familiar with the area. Even flying to an airport i have only been to a few times would be preferable. I would also be more comfortable flying somewhere where they have a tower. Flying in IFR conditions more would also make me more comfortable with flying SPIFR, like the article said you should get actual IFR experience with a seasoned IFR pilot before trying to do it on your own.
One thing the article said that I did not know was that when flying SPIFR for a charter flight you must have an auto pilot. I think this is a good idea because it takes a lot of the workload off of the pilot especially when he is trying to use charts or read something. I think it would be a good idea to do any SPIFR flight with an autopilot whether it is for a charter or not.
My favorite tip from this article is that if you cannot stay two minutes ahead of the aircraft, and if you can not do this you are not ready for SPIFR. Staying ahead of the airplane is super important because if you get behind it you miss things and that can be fatal in VFR and even more dangerous in IFR.
One thing the article said that I did not know was that when flying SPIFR for a charter flight you must have an auto pilot. I think this is a good idea because it takes a lot of the workload off of the pilot especially when he is trying to use charts or read something. I think it would be a good idea to do any SPIFR flight with an autopilot whether it is for a charter or not.
My favorite tip from this article is that if you cannot stay two minutes ahead of the aircraft, and if you can not do this you are not ready for SPIFR. Staying ahead of the airplane is super important because if you get behind it you miss things and that can be fatal in VFR and even more dangerous in IFR.
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