Assessment
Assessments are used to figure out how well a student is learning the information. there are two types of assessments, formative and summative. Formative assessments are used during the education process to see if the student is learning what needs to be learned. then based on the outcome of the assessment the student and teacher can figure out what needs to be changed to make the learning more effective. Summative assessments are at the end of a learning program and sum up what the student has learned. this is like a final exam for a class.
It is also important to be aware of how the assessments are interpreted. according to the article there are three ways to do this. the first is Criterion are evaluations where students are required to know specific information that experts say all people in the industry should know. these are like the written exams that we take at the end of ground school. the next are Norm evaluations where there are no specific answers and and students are assessed on well a student knows the material compared to the rest of the class. Self Referenced interpretation is the third type. This is where the learner assesses them self, and decides if what they learned during the class was enough. It seems to me that in aviation criterion is the most used assessment because it is the most measurable, and students must have a set level of knowledge, not just compared to their class or more than they expected.
Self directed learning is someone who can form their own ideas and solve problems on their own, and want feedback on how well they have don, but also assess themselves. i think it is important for all students to try to be like this. rather than expecting instructors to download knowledge to their brains, they take responsibility for their education and gain the deepest understanding they can get through analyzing information on their own.
Thursday, January 20, 2011
Thursday, January 13, 2011
CFI Blog #2 Selecting Methods
Selecting Methods
There are four categories of instruction. Instructor centered - usually lecture or demonstration where the instructor does most of the educating while the student listens. this is good to lat a foundation of knowledge. Interactive Methods - include discussions, group projects and peer teaching where the student takes a more active part in the learning than just listening. Individualized Learning - is where the student studies on their own or takes a self paced course. Experimental learning is when the student learns through role playing, drills, games, or experiments. learning in this area is very uncontrolled because the outcomes can be different depending on what they experiment with or who they play a game with.
Roll playing is part of the Experimental Learning method. A good place where role playing could be used is when trying to teach a student about Crew Resource Management. The student could be the captain and the instructor could be the co pilot, together they could divide the tasks to show how a real flight crew works together. A discussion group is part of the Interactive method, a good place to do this is when you are instructing two or more students at a time. this allows the students to combine their knowledge to come up with the correct answer. I enjoyed doing this when talking about aerodynamics and how different forces affect the airplane.
The context of what is being learned is always a major consideration when selecting the method of instruction. You can talk about lazy eights all day, but until you demonstrate it to the student, and allow them to practice the maneuver they will never learn to do it.
Characteristics of Adult Learners
Many adults who wish to continue their education do so with an end goal in mind. they know what they want and they work toward it. an adults goals should be discussed early in the class so the instructor can know what they want. Adults also develop ideas and beliefs that must be respected. adults are often more self disciplined and can direct their studies on their own. Adults often have experience from their lives that can help or hinder their education or bring a new perspective to the class. This would affect my teaching because I would have to be aware of these things and acknowledge that their mind is not quite the fresh slate that a younger student may be.
There are four categories of instruction. Instructor centered - usually lecture or demonstration where the instructor does most of the educating while the student listens. this is good to lat a foundation of knowledge. Interactive Methods - include discussions, group projects and peer teaching where the student takes a more active part in the learning than just listening. Individualized Learning - is where the student studies on their own or takes a self paced course. Experimental learning is when the student learns through role playing, drills, games, or experiments. learning in this area is very uncontrolled because the outcomes can be different depending on what they experiment with or who they play a game with.
Roll playing is part of the Experimental Learning method. A good place where role playing could be used is when trying to teach a student about Crew Resource Management. The student could be the captain and the instructor could be the co pilot, together they could divide the tasks to show how a real flight crew works together. A discussion group is part of the Interactive method, a good place to do this is when you are instructing two or more students at a time. this allows the students to combine their knowledge to come up with the correct answer. I enjoyed doing this when talking about aerodynamics and how different forces affect the airplane.
The context of what is being learned is always a major consideration when selecting the method of instruction. You can talk about lazy eights all day, but until you demonstrate it to the student, and allow them to practice the maneuver they will never learn to do it.
Characteristics of Adult Learners
Many adults who wish to continue their education do so with an end goal in mind. they know what they want and they work toward it. an adults goals should be discussed early in the class so the instructor can know what they want. Adults also develop ideas and beliefs that must be respected. adults are often more self disciplined and can direct their studies on their own. Adults often have experience from their lives that can help or hinder their education or bring a new perspective to the class. This would affect my teaching because I would have to be aware of these things and acknowledge that their mind is not quite the fresh slate that a younger student may be.
Thursday, January 6, 2011
CFI Blog #1 Epistemology
Constructivist vs Positivist
Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. it is understanding how people gain knowledge, how they use knowledge, and how they can prove they know something. the article i read describes two types of epistemology, constructivist and positivist. Constructivist is more focused on understanding a concept for yourself, rather than being told what something means and memorizing the definition. positivist seems more like it is focused on knowing a specific answer, memorizing and regurgitating it when asked, whether you understand the concept at its core or not. I think I tend to learn better as a constructivist. If I understand something completely then i can answer questions about it in better detail and if i forget it then i only need a refresher rather than to completely re-memorize it. there are somethings that i prefer to learn as a positivist, these are things like air speeds, where they are different for each aircraft because of the way it is designed.
Visual Auditory and Kinesthetic Learners
I prefer to learn in the kinesthetic modality. I feel like I remember more and get a better understanding if I can do something myself. doing math problems, i was never able to watch the teacher and learn. I had to do problems myself and figure them out like a puzzle.the two biggest things that I learned form this article were that it is more important to teach in the modality that best fits the subject not the student. I know that I usually learn better by doing things, but sometimes I prefer to watch or listen or read. The second is that "different representations are more or less effective for storing different types of information." the book uses the example of a picture of a car on the hill. you do not know if the car is going up or down the hill, but if you were told the car is driving up the hill you would have a better understanding of what is going on. i would kike to keep these tow points in mind when teaching so that I know I am teaching as effectivly as possible.
Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. it is understanding how people gain knowledge, how they use knowledge, and how they can prove they know something. the article i read describes two types of epistemology, constructivist and positivist. Constructivist is more focused on understanding a concept for yourself, rather than being told what something means and memorizing the definition. positivist seems more like it is focused on knowing a specific answer, memorizing and regurgitating it when asked, whether you understand the concept at its core or not. I think I tend to learn better as a constructivist. If I understand something completely then i can answer questions about it in better detail and if i forget it then i only need a refresher rather than to completely re-memorize it. there are somethings that i prefer to learn as a positivist, these are things like air speeds, where they are different for each aircraft because of the way it is designed.
Visual Auditory and Kinesthetic Learners
I prefer to learn in the kinesthetic modality. I feel like I remember more and get a better understanding if I can do something myself. doing math problems, i was never able to watch the teacher and learn. I had to do problems myself and figure them out like a puzzle.the two biggest things that I learned form this article were that it is more important to teach in the modality that best fits the subject not the student. I know that I usually learn better by doing things, but sometimes I prefer to watch or listen or read. The second is that "different representations are more or less effective for storing different types of information." the book uses the example of a picture of a car on the hill. you do not know if the car is going up or down the hill, but if you were told the car is driving up the hill you would have a better understanding of what is going on. i would kike to keep these tow points in mind when teaching so that I know I am teaching as effectivly as possible.
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